Pengaruh Gel Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotina tabacum L) Terhadap Perubahan komposisi Bakteri Gram Positif dan Gram Negatif pada Traumatik Ulser Tikus Wistar

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of traumatic ulcers at the Oral Medicine Clinic of the University of Jember Dental Hospital (RSGM) was 13.02% among 737 patients with traumatic ulcers in 2023. Traumatic ulcers are commonly caused by mechanical, chemical, or thermal factor. The healing process generally involves eliminating the causative factor. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the healing process of traumatic ulcers. The occurrence of ulcers is closely associated with changes in the oral microbiota, such as interactions among specific microorganisms and the emergence of new pathogens. The overall imbalance of the oral microbiota is known as microbial dysbiosis. An increase in bacterial growth can contribute to the severity of ulcers and may also cause secondary infections, thereby prolonging the healing process. This study used tobacco leaves due to their active antibacterial compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, as well as to utilize the natural resources available in Jember. Objective: To determine the effect of tobacco leaf extract gel on changes in the composition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in traumatic ulcers in Wistar rats. Methods: This study is an experimental research using a post-test-only control group design. The sample consisted of 20 subjects divided into four treatment groups (2% Na CMC; 5% tobacco leaf extract gel; 10% tobacco leaf extract gel; and 20% tobacco leaf extract gel). Swab samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, and 14, followed by Gram staining and microscopic examination. Result: Based on Mann Whitney test analysis of Gram-positive bacteria, the results indicated that on days 3 and 7 there were significant increases between the Na CMC 2% group and the 20% concentration group. Furthermore, 0n day 14, significant increases were observed between the Na CMC 2% group and both the 10% concentration group. Meanwhile in the analysis of Gram-negative bacteria, the Mann Whitney Test showed a significant decrease on day 3 between the Na CMC 2% group and the 20% concentration group. Subsequently, on days 7 and 14, significant decrease were found between the Na CMC 2% group and both the 10% and 20% concentration group. Conclusion: There were significant differences between the 10% and 20% concentrations of tobacco leaf extract gel in influencing on changes in the composition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in traumatic ulcers in Wistar rats.