“Potensi Asap Cair Asal Berbagai Substrat untuk Mengendalikan Nematoda Puru Akar Meloidogyne spp

Abstract

The nematode Meloidogyne spp. that causes root puncture in tomato plants can reduce yield by 26.5 - 73.3%. Typical symptoms of nematode attack are bullets or bumps on the roots that are attacked. Control of plant-parasitic nematodes generally uses chemical measures using synthetic nematicides. The use of synthetic nematicides is common because of their effective and efficient results. However, continuous use without regard to dosage can cause problems for the environment and humans. Therefore, it is necessary to have a sustainable and environmentally friendly control approach, one of which is the use of liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is a brown-black liquid that comes from the waste from burning biomass in an airtight container (pyrolyser). Each substrate or biomass used for liquid smoke production has a different chemical content, which affects the quality of the liquid smoke produced. The research was conducted from August to December 2024 at the Plant Protection Technology Laboratory and Plant Protection Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. The research consisted of 6 treatments with each treatment repeated 5 times, so there were 30 experimental units for each substrate. The experiment involved several stages: making liquid smoke from the three substrates, extracting Meloidogyne spp. eggs and J2, conducting In Vitro tests, and Phytotoxicity tests. Observations included J2 mortality and egg hatching inhibition, which were recorded for seven time points (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after treatment). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD test. The results showed that the best treatment was coconut fiber substrate containing high concentrations of phenol at 76.84%, which effectively suppressed egg hatching by 11% and increased mortality of juvenile 2 (J2) Meloidogyne spp. by 73.6%. The results of GC-MS analysis on liquid smoke from various types of substrates showed differences in the profile of chemical compounds produced. Of the three substrates tested, phenol compounds were the dominant first order as the main content. The highest phenol compound was produced by coconut fiber substrate at 76.84%. The second substrate that has the highest phenol content is bamboo substrate at 69.46%, and corn cob substrate with phenol compound content of 11.37%. This difference indicates that the type of substrate affects the amount of phenol compounds produced. In addition to phenol compounds there are nematicidal compounds, in coconut fiber there is acetic acid, and hexadecanoic acid. In the corn cob substrate acetic acid, and in bamboohexadecanoic acid, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester.