Pembentukan Kokristal Ibuprofen-Kafein Metode Solvent Evaporation Rasio 1:1 dan 2:1 serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kelarutan Ibuprofen

Abstract

Ibuprofen is a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) classified as a BCS class II drug because it has high permeability but low water solubility. Low solubility can cause the dissolution rate and drug absorption to be less optimal; therefore, efforts are needed to improve its solubility, one of which is through cocrystal formation. This study aimed to determine the effect of different stoichiometric ratios (1:1 and 2:1) on the characteristics and solubility of ibuprofen-caffeine cocrystals prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Ibuprofen-caffeine cocrystals were prepared using ethanol p.a. as the solvent and then characterized using PXRD, DSC, FTIR, and SEM. Solubility testing was carried out in distilled water on pure ibuprofen and ibuprofen-caffeine cocrystals, and the data were statistically analyzed. The characterization results showed that ibuprofen-caffeine cocrystals at ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 were successfully formed, as indicated by changes in the diffractogram profile, endothermic peak, shifts in the wavenumbers of O-H and C=O groups, and changes in particle morphology. The solubility test in distilled water showed that pure ibuprofen had a solubility of 149.528 ± 0 mg/L, the 1:1 cocrystal had a solubility of 213.208 ± 3.335 mg/L, and the 2:1 cocrystal had a solubility of 105.503 ± 7.205 mg/L. The 1:1 cocrystal increased ibuprofen solubility by 1.426 times, whereas the 2:1 cocrystal decreased solubility to 0.706 times compared with pure ibuprofen. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the formation of ibuprofen-caffeine cocrystals using the solvent evaporation method affected ibuprofen solubility, with the 1:1 ratio being the better ratio for improving solubility.