Analisis Sitotoksisitas Nanopartikel Kitosan yang Diekstraksi dari Eksoskeleton Hermetia illucens pada Sel Osteoblas

Abstract

Background: Bone destruction is a pathological condition resulting from an imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts, leading to a decrease in bone mass and integrity. Although bone tissue has a high ability to regenerate, certain conditions of severe trauma and disease require additional therapeutic support. Chitosan derived from Hermetia illucens has potential as a biomaterial due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biological activity. This study is an in vitro experimental study using osteoblast cell culture. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized through ionic gelation method to improve bioavailability, solubility, and stability. Hermetia illucens chitosan nanoparticle was tested at several specific concentrations against osteoblast cell viability. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the cytotoxicity of Hermetia illucens chitosan nanoparticles against osteoblast cells. Methods: This research method uses a post-test control group design with variations in the concentration of Hermetia illucens chitosan nanoparticle and shrimp shells chitosan nanoparticle 10%; 5%; 2,5%; 1,25%; 0,625%; 0,312%; 0,156%; and 0,078%. as well tested using the MTT assay method. The data obtained were statistically analyzed to determine differences in cell viability between treatment groups. Result: The results showed that Hermetia illucens chitosan nanoparticle has a low level of cytotoxicity against osteoblast cells at certain concentrations and is still within the limits of biocompatibility. This is indicated by the percentage of cell viability that remains high after treatment (>70%) at all concentrations. Conclusion: Hermetia illucens chitosan nanoparticle is potentially safe to use against osteoblast cells and has the opportunity to be developed as a biomaterial to support therapy for bone destruction.