Karakterisasi Tanaman Padi BC3F1 Hasil Persilangan Tanaman Padi Varietas Inpari 42 dan Merah Wangi

Abstract

Indonesia is among the countries with the highest rice consumption in the world. Rice consumption in Indonesia continues to increase each year, driven by population growth and the consumption patterns of the Indonesian people. However, there are challenges such as low rice quality, suboptimal productivity, and limited availability of superior aromatic varieties. The Inpari 42 variety is known for its high productivity, while Merah Wangi has the advantage of aromatic traits. Combining these two characteristics is expected to produce a superior variety that is both aromatic and high-yielding. This study aims to develop an Inpari 42 rice variety with high productivity and a distinct aroma through the backcrossing method, using Merah Wangi as the donor of the aromatic trait. The research was conducted in the field and laboratory of UPA PLLT, University of Jember. A total of 54 BC3F1 plants were cultivated and analyzed. Aroma gene detection was performed using the Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) method with the Bradbury marker through PCR technique. Agronomic evaluation was conducted on traits such as plant height, total and productive tiller number, flowering time, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, and grain weight per clump. Data were analyzed both descriptively and statistically (variance and coefficient of variation). PCR results showed 28 heterozygous and 26 non-aromatic plants, with genotype segregation following Mendelian inheritance. The average agronomic characteristics of the BC3F1 plants resembled those of the recurrent parent (Inpari 42), particularly in plant height, flowering time, panicle length, and number of grains per panicle, all of which showed narrow variability. Meanwhile, total and productive tiller number, percentage of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, and grain weight per clump exhibited wide variation. The results indicate successful introgression of the aroma gene into Inpari 42, although further selection is required to obtain a genetically stable and superior aromatic variety.