Hubungan Usia Ayah sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Sumbing Bibir dan Langit-Langit di Wilayah Tapal Kuda

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate are congenital anomalies of the craniofacial region characterized by a gap in the lip, palate, or both, resulting from failure of tissue fusion during embryonic development. The etiology of cleft lip and palate is multifactorial, involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors are considered to play a dominant role, while environmental factors may also contribute. Advanced paternal age has been suggested to increase the risk of congenital anomalies due to the accumulation of genetic mutations in sperm cells. This study aimed to determine the relationship between paternal age and the incidence of cleft lip and palate in children in the Tapal Kuda region. This study used an analytical observational design with a case control approach. Data were collected through direct interviews with parents of patients. The independent variable was paternal age, while the dependent variable was the incidence of cleft lip and palate. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Fisher’s Exact test. The results showed that cleft lip and palate were more commonly found in male children. Based on the type of cleft, cleft lip and palate was the most frequent. Bivariate analysis indicated that there was no significant association between paternal age and the incidence of cleft lip and palate (p > 0,05). In conclusion, paternal age is not significant risk factor for cleft lip and palate in this study.