Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Model Problem Solving Performance Modelling pada Materi Fungsi Kuadrat di Kelas X

Abstract

Mathematical problem-solving skills among students in Indonesia remain low; therefore, learning materials that facilitate systematic problem-solving are needed. The Problem Solving Performance Modelling (PSPM) model offers a potential solution. PSPM is an instructional model that utilizes "exemplar problems" and "exemplar rubrics" to guide students in understanding the problem-solving process while reflecting on their solutions. This study aimed to produce learning materialsincluding teaching modules, student worksheets (LKM), exemplar problems, and a user manual that are valid, practical, and effective. The study employed Thiagarajan’s 4-D development model, comprising the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and problem-solving ability tests. Validation involved three mathematics experts. Trials were conducted twice: first at SMA Negeri Ambulu and subsequently at SMA Negeri Balung. The results indicate that the developed materials met validity criteria, with average validation scores of 3.69 for teaching modules, 3.73 for student worksheets, 3.68 for exemplar problems, and 3.84 for the user manual (out of a maximum score of 4). Practicality test results across both schools showed stable or improved metrics: instructional implementation reached 100%, and the percentage of students meeting ideal timeframes was maintained. Furthermore, positive responses regarding student activity increased from 81.25% to 82%, and teacher responses rose from 92.5% to 95%, indicating the materials met practicality criteria. Effectiveness tests showed classical mastery increasing from 85% to 88%, while the N-Gain score remained stable at 0.3 (categorized as medium), demonstrating that the materials met effectiveness criteria. Thus, the PSPM-based learning materials are deemed valid, practical, and effective.