Studi Komparasi Stigma HIV pada Laki–laki dan Perempuan Penderita HIV di Wilayah Kabupaten Jember

Abstract

HIV-related stigma remains a significant global challenge, as individuals with high stigma are 2.4 times more likely to delay treatment until they are severely ill. Gender roles and social constructions significantly influence the experiences of stigma among People Living with HIV (PLWH). This study aims to analyze the comparison of HIV-related stigma between men and women in Jember Regency. Method: This research used quantitative comparative study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 128 respondents (64 men and 64 women) were selected using purposive sampling in Jember Regency. The instrument used was the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-PLWA (HASI-P). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test because the data were not normally distributed. Result: Total stigma levels were low for both men (5.33) and women (3.66). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in total stigma between genders (p = 0.102). However, a significant difference was found in Verbal Abuse (p = 0.046), where men reported higher frequencies. Other dimensions showed no significant differences Discussion: Men’s higher exposure to verbal abuse is linked to higher workplace mobility (92.2% employed) and intersectional stigma, as 45.3% of male respondents are from key populations (MSM). Conversely, women face greater socio-economic vulnerability, evidenced by higher divorce rates (42.2%) and lower income levels (92.2% below minimum wage), which correlates with lower clinical outcomes (46.9% undetectable viral load). Conclusion: HIV stigma among PLWH in Jember is generally low. While total stigma does not differ significantly by gender, men are more vulnerable to verbal harassment, potentially due to higher workplace exposure and intersectional stigma related to sexual orientation. Nursing interventions should focus on gender-specific psychological support and inclusive anti-stigma education.