Peran Buruh Tani Perempuan: Kajian dari Aspek Jenis Pekerjaan, Alokasi Waktu, dan Upah Buruh Tani Perempuan di Desa Sumber Lesung Kecamatan Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of female agricultural laborers in terms of job types, work time allocation, wage systems, and their contribution to household economic sustainability. This study employed a qualitative approach using a phenomenological method. The participants consisted of eight female agricultural laborers selected through snowball sampling until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies, while data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method. The results showed that female agricultural laborers were actively involved in planting, crop maintenance, harvesting, and postharvest activities. These activities require accuracy, patience, and perseverance, yet generally provide relatively low economic returns. Work time allocation was dynamic and influenced by agricultural seasons, averaging 22 working hours per week during the rainy season and 12 working hours per week during the dry season. Increased work intensity during planting and harvesting seasons created greater opportunities for women to earn income, whereas reduced employment opportunities led to lower household earnings. The wage system consisted of daily wages, piecerate wages, and harvest wages, which were informal and unstable. Differences in wage levels based on job type and agricultural season resulted in fluctuating incomes among female agricultural laborers. Variations in work time allocation and wage systems affected the economic stability of their households. This study concludes that female agricultural laborers play an important role in supporting household economies through their contribution to meeting daily needs and sustaining family livelihoods amid the uncertain conditions of the agricultural sector.