Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Pneumonia Balita Rawat Inap dengan Metode Gyssens di RSUD dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso

Abstract

Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old, particularly in developing countries including Indonesia, and the high incidence in RSUD dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso underscores the need for evaluation of antibiotic use to prevent antimicrobial resistance and suboptimal therapy. This study aimed to assess the rationality of antibiotic use among hospitalized pediatric pneumonia patients at dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso Regional Hospital during January–December 2024 by analyzing patient characteristics, antibiotic utilization patterns, and rationality based on the Gyssens method. A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical records of children aged 0–5 years diagnosed with pneumonia (ICD J18.9) with total sampling and descriptive analysis. The results showed that most patients were aged 0–11 months, female, covered by national health insurance (BPJS), experiences a length of hospital stay of 3-5 days and had no comorbidities. Antibiotic therapy was predominantly third-generation cephalosporins, particularly intravenous ceftriaxone, with a treatment duration of 3–5 days. Evaluation using the Gyssens method revealed that rational antibiotic use (category 0) was found in 114 cases (68,67%), while irrational use (categories I–VI) accounted for 52 cases (31,33%), mainly in categories IIIb. In conclusion, antibiotic use in hospitalized pediatric pneumonia patients was largely rational but not entirely, highlighting the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and improved adherence to clinical guidelines.