Gum dari Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Pengikat (Binder) Alami pada Formulasi Tablet: Scoping Review

Abstract

Tablets are the most commonly used solid pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their high stability and efficient manufacturing process. In tablet formulation, binders play a crucial role in providing cohesiveness and mechanical strength. Recently, plant-derived gums have gained attention as natural binders because of their availability, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Plant gums are pathological products formed in response to tissue injury or environmental stress through gummosis and are mainly obtained from stems, although they may also originate from seeds, roots. Fruits, leaves, and flower calyces. The complex and often branched polymeric structures of plant gums contribute to their high cohesive properties, making the suitable for use as binders in tablet formulations. Given the growing number of studies exploring different plant gums with varying physicochemical characteristics, a comprehensive mapping of existing evidence is essential to support future research and formulation development. This study aimed to provide an overview of plant-derived gums from various plant parts that have been investigated as natural binders in tablet formulations through a scoping review questions, identification of relevant studies, study selection, data charting, and synthesis and reporting of results. The selection process was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), encompassing the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. A total of 83 relevant studies involving 26 plant families were identified, with Fabaceae, Leguminosae, and Anacardiaceae being the most dominant families. Plant parts used as gum sources included stems, seeds, fruits, roots, leaves, and flower calyces, with stems serving as a primary sources. Gum-producing plants were widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Asia and Africa. Overall, plant gums demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties and consistent performance as natural binders, producing tablets with adequate mechanical strength, low friability, and acceptable disintegration and dissolution characteristics.