Karakter Agronomi Galur BC4F2 Padi Aromatik Hasil Silang Balik antara Inpari 32 dan Merah Wangi

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops and serves as the staple food for most of the Indonesian population. Aromatic rice varieties are highly demanded due to their distinctive fragrances, which are primarily caused by accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) resulting from a mutation in BADH2 gene. This study aimed to introgress the BADH2 aromatic allele from Merah Wangi into the high yielding Inpari 32 background using Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABB) and evaluate the resulting BC4F2 population for agronomic traits and aroma expression. Genotype screening using Bradbury marker identified 24 homozygous aromatic plants confirming successful introgression of aromatic trait. Agronomic evaluation showed that flowering date, plant height, panicle length, and 1000-grain weight exhibited high uniformity, while productive tiller number and grain yield components showed moderate variability. In contrast, total tiller number and empty grain percentage remained highly variable. Organoleptic evaluation confirmed the stable expression of aromatic phenotype in homozygous aromatic BC4F2 plants which is consistent with the molecular analysis results. These findings highlight the potential of selected BC4F2 lines for further development as high-yielding aromatic rice varieties.