Karakter Agronomi Galur BC4F2 Padi Aromatik Hasil Silang Balik antara Varietas INPARI 33 dan Merah Wangi

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops and serves as a major carbohydrate source for a large proportion of the global population. The development of improved varieties is therefore essential to meet consumer preferences, including the demand for aromatic rice. The characteristic fragrance of aromatic rice is associated with the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), caused by an 8-bp deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene. This study aimed to introgress the aromatic BADH2 allele from Merah Wangi into the high-yielding INPARI 33 background using Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABB) with the Bradbury molecular marker. Molecular analysis of 98 BC4F2 plants showed Mendelian segregation, identifying 17 homozygous aromatic, 60 heterozygous, and 21 homozygous non-aromatic individuals. Agronomic evaluation indicated high homogeneity in flowering time, plant height, panicle length, and 1.000 grain weight, while several yield components exhibited moderate to high variability. Organoleptic evaluation confirmed stable expression of the aromatic trait, consistent with molecular results. These findings indicate that the selected aromatic BC4F2 lines have strong potential for further development as high-yielding aromatic rice varieties.