Uji Toksisitas Akut Dermal Emulgel Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jahe Merah pada Tikus Galur Wistar

Abstract

Red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is widely used by Indonesians because it contains high bioactive compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, paradol, and zingerone which have the potential as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. From these phytochemicals, topical preparations can be developed, for example emulgel preparations. This study aims to determine the safety of an emulgel preparation of red ginger rhizome ethanol extract through an acute dermal toxicity test on Wistar rats according to BPOM guidelines Number 10 of 2022. The study was conducted experimentally in vivo using a post-test only control group design. This test was carried out as a preliminary test and a main test. The preliminary test used three dose levels, namely doses of 200 mg/kgBB, 1000 mg/kgBB, and 2000 mg/kgBB. The main test was divided into two groups, namely the control (emulgel base without extract) and treatment (red ginger ethanol extract emulgel at a dose of 2000 mg/kgBB). The test preparation was applied topically to the skin of mice for 24 hours and observed for 14 days. The parameters used were physical evaluation of the preparation, LD50 value, and hematological and biochemical test results. The results showed that all physical evaluation parameters met the quality requirements for topical preparations. No toxic symptoms or deaths were found in the test animals for 14 days, so the dermal LD₅₀ value was > 2000 mg/kgBW, categorized as non-toxic (GHS category 5/unclassified). Hematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between the control and treatment groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the red ginger rhizome ethanol extract emulgel is safe for topical use and does not cause acute dermal toxic effects in Wistar rats.