Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Transvesti Pada Tradisi Budaya Banyuwangi: Studi Kasus Tari Gandrung Marsan

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of societal stigma against transvestites within the local cultural context of Banyuwangi, focusing specifically on the case of Marsan, a male dancer who performs the Gandrung Dance a traditional dance typically performed by women. The main issue explored is the form of stigma experienced by Marsan as a transvestite dancer and how the Banyuwangi community interprets his role within the cultural framework. The objective of this research is to uncover the various forms of social stigma that arise and to understand the dynamics of acceptance and rejection of gender identity expression in traditional performing arts. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a case study design, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Informants in this study include art figures, local community members, and Marsan’s family. Erving Goffman’s theory of stigma serves as the theoretical foundation to analyze the social dynamics experienced by Marsan. The findings reveal that Marsan faces multiple forms of stigma, such as labeling, negative stereotyping, discrimination, and marginalization, both from the general public and the artistic community. However, over time, his presence has gained recognition due to his exceptional dance skills and his contribution to preserving the Gandrung Dance. Nonetheless, this acceptance remains ambivalent and conditional, as Marsan’s gender identity continues to be a subject of debate. The study concludes that stigma against transvestites in traditional cultural contexts is influenced by social constructions of gender and morality. However, art can also serve as a space of resistance, enabling the negotiation of identity and gradual shifts in public perception.