Optimasi Tween 80 dan Gliserin dalam sediaan Nanoemulsi Minyak Atsiri Daun Cengkeh sebagai Antioksidan Topikal

Abstract

Clove leaves contain eugenol as the main compound, which acts as an antioxidant. However, the essential oil derived from clove leaves is poorly water soluble and has low stability, requiring a system to overcome these limitations. Nanoemulsions can enhance the solubility of active compounds, thereby increasing their bioavailability and permeability. They are formed by adding surfactants and co-surfactants, allowing two immiscible liquids to combine into a homogeneous phase, resulting in droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion formulation of clove leaf essential oil to preserve and protect the eugenol compound from oxidation and extend its shelf life. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the optimal concentrations of Tween 80 and glycerin to create an effective nanoemulsion formulation. The tests conducted included organoleptic observations, pH measurements, viscosity analysis, and percent transmittance evaluation. Response analysis was subsequently performed using Design Expert 13 software. The results revealed significant differences among the formulations in terms of pH, viscosity, and percent transmittance. A formulation with 35 grams of Tween 80 and 15 grams of glycerin produced the most optimal nanoemulsion. This formulation passed physical stability tests, particle size and distribution analysis, zeta potential measurement, and exhibited exceptionally strong antioxidant activity, as indicated by an IC50 value of 6.086 ± 0.089.