Toxicity Effect of Granular Bioinsecticide Mixture of Betel Leaf (Piper betel) and Srikaya Seed (Annona squamosa)

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of Aedesaegypti. The way to decrease this disease is by breaking the spread chain of A. aegypti as a vector of DHF using insecticides. Insecticides commonly used are organophosphates that can cause death in non-target organisms. Since 1985, WHO recommended to look for bioinsecticides that does not cause negative impact on non-target organisms. One of bioinsecticide is betel leaf and srikaya seed. Testing the toxicity of this bioinsecticide to non-target organisms used to monitor the environment seen through observation of fish health conditions. Non-target organisms used are Cyprinuscarpio. Testing of this bioinsecticide with concentrations of 0.25 g/10 L, 0.5 g/10 L, 0.75 g/10 L and 1 g/10 L were performed on goldfish for 96 hours. Observations made on fish mortality, morphological and histopathological changes of intestinum, liver and kidney organs. The result showed that LC50 granule mixture of betel leaf and srikaya seeds extract was 1.14 g/10 L, classified as low toxicity. Granules with a concentration of 1 g/10 L can kill 95% A. aegypti larvae within 105 min and did not do cause any damage to goldfish within 48 hours.