Dampak Endocrine-Disrupting-Chemicals (EDCs) pada Air Sungai terhadap Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting-Chemicals (EDCs) on River Water to Oral and Dental Health)

Abstract

Background: The endocrine system has many important biological and physiological functions. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are reported that it can lead bodily functions deterioration, diseases, or even death in humans. EDCs i s one of the dangerous water pollutants. It accumulates from waste of chemicals used in agriculture, plastic, and other materials. EDCs consist of various chemicals, including Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Bisphenol -A (BPA), Phthalate, etc. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to describe the harmness of use of BPAin daily life for health, especially dental and oral health. Conclussion: PCBs can trigger carcinogenesis, inflammation in the oral mucosa; deficiency of immune function; decreased of musculoskeletal function and nervous system; decreased of thymoid function, thyroid hormone, reproductive and structural developmental effects. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the EDCs that affect cell cycle disorders, preneoplastic lesions, carcinoma, fetal developmental changes. Phthalates i s reported to cause birth defects, impaired DNA integrity in human sperm that may affect the formation of intra-uterine organ structures. Therefore, EDCs in waste must be controlled to reduce the negative impact of health, especially oral and dental health.