Study of Diversification of Raw Materials in the Manufacture of Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel

Abstract

Biodiesel is adiesel oil that comes from living things, both vegetable and animal. Biodiesel has long been known by the public and the use of diesel engines is the first time using peanut oil biodiesel. Researches on other organic materials that have the potential as biodiesel feedstocks are still being carried out, one of which uses raw materials of Candlenut seeds oil, dregs grated coconut, Used cooking oil, Kepuh seeds oil, Kapok seeds oil and nyamplung seedsoil (Calophylluminophyllum). The process of making biodiesel is very simple. Biodiesel is produced through a process called esterification reaction of free fatty acids depending on the quality of vegetable oil used as raw material or transesterification reaction of triglycerides with alcohol with the help of catalysts. The catalyst used for the esterification reaction is an acid, usually sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or phosphoric acid, while the transesterification process uses KOH. The process of making biodiesel using 1% H2SO4 catalyst, 30% methanol with a mixing time of 2 (two) hours. Transeterification process using KOH catalyst 0.5% reached 1% by weight, 30% methanol and mixing time was 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. The results of this study conclude that: a). Candlenut seeds oil, dregs grated coconut oil, Used cooking oil, Kepuh seeds oil, Nyamplung seeds oil and kapok seeds oil are used as raw material for making biodiesel. b). The longer the reaction time, it will produce a lot of biodiesel due to the possibility of greater contact between substances. c). biodiesel from the ingredients of Candlenut seeds oil, dregs grated coconut oil, Used cooking oil, Kepuh seeds oil, Nyamplung seeds oil and Kapok seeds oil have a specific mass value in accordance with diesel and biodiesel specifications. d). The heat value of biodiesel produced from the Candlenut seeds oil and dregs grated coconut oil, is almost close to the heat value of diesel and biodiesel specifications, which is 9536.8 cal / g. While the heating value of biodiesel produced from used Used cooking oil, Kepuh seed oil and Kapok seed oil, than diesel specifications and Standard biodiesel, except biodiesel from Nyamplung seed oil has a higher value than diesel specifications and biodiesel standards 04- 7182-2015