| dc.description.abstract | The core of learning science are two concepts: process and product. The process
is a learning-based scientific approach. Studies have shown that the implementation of a
scientific approach for learning physics in high school is not running well. Therefore, we
need to develop the Eskalasi Learning Model (ELM) based scientific approach. The model
of learning can be categorized as valid if the expert, user, and audience agree. The aim of
the research is to analyze the validity of the ELM by the expert validators. The expert
validators are three lecturers in science teaching. The expert validators will assess the
validation instrument, which consists of characteristics of the model and learning tools. The
final score is the average of three expert assessments, and it will be matched by the
categories. Based on validation by experts, we can conclude that the characteristics of the
ELM (rational models, supporting theory, syntactic, social system, the principle of the
reaction, the supporting system, the instructional and nurturant effect) and learning tools are
valid and can be implemented to physics learning in high school
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