EXPLORING THE MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN FEMALE CHARACTERS IND. H. LAWRENCE'S SHORT STORIES BY IMPLEMENTINGTHE LANGUAGE MACRO FUNCTIONS IMPLIED IN THE UTTERANCES

Abstract

In communication, an addresser sends a message to an addressee through utterances. The addressee should be able to explore the language macro functions implied in the utterances to comprehend the exact intended meaning. Besides, the addressee should also identify the mental characteristics of the addresser. In this way, the writer of a short story tries to characterize his characters through utterances. This study focuses on exploring the mental characteristics of the main female characters in three D. H. Lawrence's short stories by implementing the language macro functions implied in the utterances. The research design used is descriptive qualitative. The types of the data are qualitative (written utterances) and quantitative (numbers and percentages). The population of this study is 208 utterances of the main female characters. The sample taken is 25% of the population; or equals to 52 utterances. The qualitative data are analyzed by employing the Jakobson's theory of language macro functions (1960), while the quantitative data are analyzed by employing Ali's theory of percentage formula (1998). The results of this study show that the most dominant mental characteristics of Elsie, the main female character in The White Stocking are hot-tempered, pathetic, and argumentative. The mental characteristics are explored by implementing the language macro functions mostly implied in Elsie's utterances: emotive function and referential function. The most dominant mental characteristics of the woman, the main female character in The Woman Who Rode Away, are frankly, curious, and fearful. The woman's tnental characteristics are explored by implementing the language macro functions mostly implied in her utterances: referential function and emotive function. The most dominant mental characteristics of Pauline, the main female character in The Lovely Lady, are full of hatred, fearful, and superior. Pauline's mental characteristics are explored by implementing the language macro functions mostly implied in her utterances: emotive function and conative function.