CARIES AND TOOTH ERUPTION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN AREAS OF GOITER ENDEMIC IN JEMBER

Abstract

Nutrition are needed for growth and development processes, including teeth. The need of nutrition for tooth development have to be supplied during a period of pregnancy because the tooth development process was started intra uteri. Thyroid hormone as growth hormone, its secretion depends on the presence of iodine. Iodine deficiency can be associated with caries and tooth eruption. This research was done in Jember, an endemic area of goiter. The aim of this research was to analyze a relationship between goiter and secondary tooth eruption of elementary school goitrous children in Jember and analyze a relationship between goiter and primary tooth caries of elementary school goitrous children in Jember. This research was an analytical-observational study with cross sectional method. The population was the first and the second grade of elementary school children in Mayang District and Sumbersari District in Jember. Sampel size on this research was 100, consist of the first and the second grade of elementary school children age 6 up to 7,5 year. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Examination of secondary tooth eruption, primary tooth caries, and nutritional status was done. The t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-Square were used for statistical analysis. Regression test was also done to determine the correlation. The result of relation analysis indicate that in general possibility there are relation between tooth eruption and caries with goiter. Percentage of tooth which have eruption at children who suffering goiter (73%) significantly (p<0.05) more lower than normal (88%). Mean of def-t at children who suffering goiter significantly (p<0.05) more higher (5.09) than normal children (3.94). Iodine deficiencies result decreasing of growth hormone secretion which play important role in osteoblast and osteoclast stimulation. Osteoclast is needed for making of eruption channel. The trouble that happened can pursue tooth eruption. Low of thyroid hormone also can cause trouble in process of odontogenesis. Thyroid hormone, its receptor and its binding protein play a part in every tooth forming phase. The trouble can result to low of enamel and dentin quality, so that tooth become easy be caries. Conclusion of this research are most of secondary tooth eruption of goitrous children were delayed compared to normal children and the number of primary tooth caries in goitrous children was higher compared to normal child.