LITERATURE REVIEW: THE EFFECT OF SMOKING AND EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CATARACT IN THE REGION OF AGROCULTURE

Abstract

Cataract is a disease of the eye as cloudy lens so that light can not enter into the retina, the eye nerve consequently can not translate the object being viewed. There are several factors that affect the incidence of cataracts, one of which is the behavior of smoking and exposure to sunlight. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to determine how smoking behavior and exposure to sunlight can affect the incidence of cataracts in the agroculture. Methods: The source article used obtained from search through Google Scholar, DOAJ, Karger, and Scient Direct started in 2005 up to 2013. Once established, the article is analyzed to be a literature review. Results: This review suggests that people who smoke more than 15 cigarettes per day had a higher risk of cataracts. Based on exposure to sunlight, a survey said that the Nepalese people living in areas of sun exposure 12 hours a day cataract prevalence 4 times greater than those who live in areas of sun exposure the average of 7 hours per day. Conclusion: Smoking and sun exposure is proven to increase the incidence of cataracts. Areas with high sun exposureespecially agroculture region, have a greater prevalence of cataract than other areas.