All graphs in this paper are nontrivial and connected graph. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑉 (𝐺) → *1,2, … , 𝑘+ be a vertex coloring of a graph 𝐺where two adjacent vertices may be colored the same color. Consider the color classes Π = ...

An elegant labeling on the graph G with n vertex and m edge is a one-to-one mapping (injection function) of the vertex set V (G) to the set of non negative integers {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , m} such that each edge gets the ...

Let G = (V, E) be a graph with a vertex set V and an edge set E. The graph G is said to be with a local irregular vertex coloring if there is a function f called a local irregularity vertex coloring with the properties: ...

The meta-literacy ability is very important in today's life, especially living in the disruptive technology era. Meta-literacy is an ability that goes beyond metacognition and technological literacy. However, the students’ ...