| dc.description.abstract | Gourami scales contain antibacterial compounds, e.g., catechins, chitin, calcium, omega
3, omega 6, and flavonoids. Our previous studies have shown that millimicrons-sized gourami fish
scales powder (GFSP) added to Glass ionomer cement (GIC) acts as an immunomodulator against
Streptococcus mutans both in vitro and in vivo. However, the antibacterial activity of the material was
affected by the particle size, and the effects of smaller GFSP, which is nano-sized (nGFSP) on oral
biofilms are largely unknown.
Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the potential of nGFSP added to conventional GIC in
inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus.
nGFSP were divided into five groups, 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% (4 samples for each
group). The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Then, the diameter of
the inhibition zone was measured and analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD test.
Results: Antibacterial activity against S. sanguinis, S. aureus, and S. mutans significantly increased
with nGFSP. The largest zone of inhibition was measured at a concentration of 3.5%, that is, 4.02 mm
(S. sanguinis) and 2.29 mm (S. aureus). Meanwhile, nGFSP is more effective in inhibiting the growth
of S. mutans in an optimum concentration of 0.5% with a zone of inhibition is 3.54 mm.
Conclusion: The addition of nGFSP improved the antibacterial activity of GIC against gram-positive
pathogenic bacteria, such as S. sanguinis, S. aureus, and S. mutans. | en_US |
