Efektivitas Kombinasi Serbuk Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus Hystrix) dan Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica) terhadap Sitophilus Oryzae L. pada Beras

Abstract

Hama utama yang menyerang beras salah satunya yaitu Sitophilus oryzae. Pengendalian secara hayati menggunakan pestisida nabati bersifat aman dan ramah lingkungan. Contoh tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai pestisida nabati yaitu jeruk purut dan asam jawa. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi perlakuan daun jeruk purut dan daun asam jawa dalam mengendalikan hama S. oryzae. Penelitian dilakukan di Labolatorium Hama Prodi Proteksi Tanaman, Universitas Jember. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancaangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari perlakuan P0 (tanpa insektisida nabati), P1 (20 g jeruk purut), P2 (20 g asam jawa), P3 (12 g jeruk purut dan 8 g asam jawa), P4 (8 g jeruk purut dan 12 g asam jawa), P5(14 g jeruk purut dan 6 g asam jawa) , dan P6 (6 g jeruk purut dan 14 g asam jawa). Setiap perlakuan terdapat 4 ulangan. Jumlah imago yang digunakan 10 ekor/100 g beras dengan perbandingan 5:5. Beras yang digunakan beras organik varietas Ciherang. Parameter pengamatan yaitu mortalitas hama S. oryzae, perkembangan populasi imago, kehilangan susut bobot, dan lethal time 50. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Ragam ANOVA, dan diuji lanjut dengan uji lanjutan DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi serbuk daun jeruk purut dan daun asam jawa memberikan pengaruh nyata yaitu perlakuan P3 (serbuk 12 g daun jeruk purut dan 8 g daun asam jawa) perlakuan terbaik yang menghasilkan mortalitas S. oryzae sebesar 65% dengan nilai LT50 paling cepat yaitu dapat mematikan serangga dalam waktu 5,15 hari, pertambahan imago sebesar 10,75 ekor, dan perlakuan paling baik dalam mengurangi resiko susut bobot beras dengan persentase susut bobot sebesar 2,15% Kata Kunci : Beras, S. oryzae, Jeruk purut, Asam jawa

One of the main pests that attack rice is Sitophilus oryzae. Biological control using plant pesticides is safe and environmentally friendly. Examples of plants that can be used as vegetable pesticides are kaffir lime and tamarind. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the combined treatment of kaffir lime leaves and tamarind leaves in controlling S. oryzae pests. The research was conducted at the Pest Laboratory of the Plant Protection Study Program, University of Jember. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of treatments P0 (without vegetable insecticides), P1 (20 g kaffir lime), P2 (20 g tamarind), P3 (12 g kaffir lime and 8 g tamarind), P4 (8 g of kaffir lime and 12 g of tamarind), P5 (14 g of kaffir lime and 6 g of tamarind), and P6 (6 g of kaffir lime and 14 g of tamarind). Each treatment has four replications. The number of imago used was ten individuals/100 g of rice with a ratio of 5:5. The rice used is organic rice of the Ciherang variety. The observed parameters were S. oryzae mortality, development of the imago population, weight loss, and lethal time 50. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test of variance and further tested with the DMRT follow-up test at a 5% confidence level. The results showed that the combination of kaffir lime leaf powder and tamarind leaf powder had a significant effect, namely the P3 treatment (12 g kaffir lime leaf powder and 8 g tamarind leaf powder), the best treatment, which resulted in S. oryzae mortality of 65% with the fastest LT50 value which can kill insects within 5.15 days, imago growth of 10.75 tails, and the best treatment in reducing the risk of rice weight loss with a weight loss percentage of 2.15%. Key Words : Rice, S. oryzae, kaffir lime, tamarind