The Revelation of the Potential Culture and Entrepreneurship: An Effort to Minimize the Unemployed Graduates of Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools in Tapal Kuda Areas, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Islamic boarding schools are an alternative educational institution for people in East Java Tapal Kuda areas. Therefore, Islamic boarding schools have a very large contribution in the development of human resources. This study aims at finding out the potential culture and entrepreneurship and the factors that can affect the unemployed graduates of the Salaf Islamic Boarding School. The qualitative approach method is used to achieve the research objectives. The data were obtained through participant observation and interviews with recording techniques and notes. As supporting data, quantitative data were also explored through questionnaires. The data obtained through interviews were then interpreted qualitatively, while quantitative data were in percentage in the form of tables and the results were then described. This study result found out that entrepreneurial behavior of graduates of the Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools can be categorized as very low. Some factors causing the high-unemployed graduates of Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools are factor of culture focusing only on religious books, factor of student’s very low education, factor of Islamic boarding schools curriculum that is not oriented on entrepreneurship, factor of parents' low education, and factor of parent’s economy. Among these factors, Salaf Islamic Boarding School curriculum factor is the most dominant because of no curriculum that can provide entrepreneurial skills to students (santri). Through changes in entrepreneurial oriented curriculum it is expected to reduce the unemployed graduates of Islamic boarding schools. [Pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan alternatif masyarakat di daerah Tapal Kuda Jawa Timur. Oleh karena itu, pondok pesantren memiliki kontribusi yang sangat besar dalam pembangunan sumber daya manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi budaya dan kewirausahaan serta faktor-faktor yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap pengangguran lulusan Pondok Pesantren Salaf. Metode pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Data diperoleh melalui observasi partisipasi dan wawancara dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Sebagai data pendukung juga digali data kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara selanjutnya diinterpretasi secara kualitatif, sedangkan data kuantitatif dipersentase dalam bentuk tabel dan selanjutnya hasilnya dideskripsikan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa Perilaku kewirausahaan lulusan Pondok Pesantren Salaf dapat dikategorikan sangat rendah. Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan banyaknya pengangguran lulusan Pondok Pesantren Salaf yaitu Faktor budaya yang hanya memfokuskan studi pada kitab-kitab keagamaan, faktor pendidikan siswa tergolong sangat rendah, faktor kurikulum pondok pesantren yang belum berorientasi pada kewirausahaan, faktor pendidikan orang tua yang tergolong rendah, faktor ekonomi orang tua. Diantara faktor-faktor tersebut yaitu faktor kurikulum Pondok Pesantren Salaf yang paling dominan, karena belum adanya kurikulum yang dapat memberikan bekal keterampilan kewirausahaan kepada murid (santri).Melalui perubahan kurikulum yang berorientasi kewirausahaan diharapkan dapat mengurangi pengangguran lulusan pondok pesantren.