Characterization and Degradation of Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) Freeze Dried Scaffold as a Graft Material for Preservation of the Alveolar Bone Socket

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) used as a graft material is usually produced in the form of a porous scaffold that could serve of tissue engineering so graft materials have to be fully degradable. Biodegradation is essential as it allows for the space to be formed into bone and also blood vessel tissue could grow. The aim of this study is to analyze the characterization and degradation of HAGP freeze dried scaffold as a graft material for preservation of alveolar bone sockets. The HAGP scaffold was made by mixing gelatin liquids using a sublimation/freeze dried system. Then, it was formed to a particle size of 150 to 355 μm. The structural properties and morphology of HAGP were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and then compared with gold standard from Hydroxyapatite Bovine (HAB). The release of calcium (Ca) was tested using an in vitro degradation test-the AAS test and phosphorus release (P) was examined using a UV/Vis Spectrophotometer at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28. The characterization of Freeze dried HAGP scaffold with XRD showed 100% of hydroxyapatite phase. The SEM photos showed many pores on the scaffold with an average size of 3 μm, therefore, the pattern was similar to the HAB scaffold (gold standard). The degradation process of the Freeze dried HAGP scaffold slowly occurs which could affect the proliferation and the activity of the cells, thus it enters and grows into the scaffold to fabricate bone tissue.