The Role of Kuniran (U. moluccensis) and Gurami (O. goramy) Fish Thorns and Scales in Increasing Salivary Leukocyte and Monocyte Cells Viability Against Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Background: Kuniran thorns and Gurami fi sh scales are rich in protein and minerals such as dentin believed to increase cell viability against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) that causes dental caries. These, in turn, can cause systemic diseases if left untreated. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the infl uence of Kuniran thorns and Gurami fi shes scales on the viability of monocytes and salivary leukocytes against S. mutans. Methods: Monocytes and leukocytes salivary cells were placed on a microtiter plate and treated according to the nature of each group. This study comprised the following groups: control group: untreated; S. mutans group: induced by S. Mutans; Gurami thorn group: thorns + S. Mutans; Gurami scales group: scales + S. Mutans; Kuniran thorn group: thorns + S. Mutans; Kuniran scales group: scales + S. mutans. Viability analysis involved staining with Tripan Blue. Furthermore, the number of viable cells (white) was calculated under an inverted microscope at 200 times magnifi cation from fi ve fi elds of view. Data was analyzed by means of an ANOVA test followed by LSD test. Results: The ANOVA and LSD tests confi rmed signifi cant diff erences (0.01<P). Kuniran thorns and Gurami fi sh scales increased the viability of monocytes and salivary leukocytes, but not signifi cantly. The content of fl avonoids, amino acids, omega 3, omega 6 and antioxidants increased leukocyte metabolism, thereby increasing cell resistance to S. mutans infection. Conclusion: Kuniran thorns (U. moluccensis) and Gurami (O. goramy) fi sh scales increase the viability of salivary leukocyte and monocyte cells against Streptococcus mutans.