Regenerasi Embriogenesis Somatik pada Beberapa Klon Kakao Indonesia dari Eksplan Bunga (Somatic Embryogenesis Regeneration of Several Indonesian Cocoa Clones Using Flower Explant)

Abstract

This research was aimed to observe the response of different clones and specifi c organs due to the somatic embryogenesis regeneration. It was arranged in factorial randomized completely design with three replication. The fi rst factor was cocoa clones i.e. ICCRI 01, ICCRI 02, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 04, KW 514, RCC72, and Sca 6. The second factor was fl ower parts i.e. petal, staminode and anther. Every explant was regenerated on initiation, induction, multiplication and rooting media. Almost all treatments showed high response of embryogenic calli which range 89.5 to 100% at initial stage, but different results were found at the following process of somatic embryogenesis. The experiment showed that each clones and each different part of fl ower had different response to somatic embryogenesis. The highest response of the explant number resulted from Sca 6 clone, which produce 35.8% embryo with average number of embryo per explant (1.34) followed by RCC 72 (28.4%, averaged 0.7) ICCRI 03 (24.7%, averaged 1.3) ICCRI 04 (18.6%, averaged 0.6). While ICCRI 02 showed the lowest responsive clone. Especially for ICCRI 01, 55.8% explant was rooted and only 1.3% explant producing embryo. The highest response of somatic embryo was resulted form petal.