Mid-parent Based Heterosis in Diallel Crosses of Soybean Genotypes

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the heterosis value in 20 combinations of diallel crosses and find out which breeds of F 1 crosses are superior compared to their parents. The hypothesis of this experiment was that the combination of the diallel crosses of five soybean varieties will provide F 1 genotypes better than the average parent. The experiment was conducted in April 2018, at the State Polytechnic of Jember. The research materials used were five soybean varieties i.e. Dega-1, Gemasugen-1, Gemasugen-2, Sinabung, Gema. The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 25 treatments with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and if significantly different followed by further testing using the Scott-Knott test with a 95% confidence level. Observation variables included plant height, number of fertile books, number of primary branches per plant, age of flowering, age of ripe harvest, number of filled pods, number of empty pods, weight of 100 seeds, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, and seed yield per plant. The best crosses as a whole were produced in the Gamasugen-2 and Dega-1 crosses which showed high heterosis symptoms, especially in plant height parameters, maturity of harvest, number of filled pods, and pod weight per plant.