Blasphemous Sentence Patterns in the Reform Era of Indonesia

Abstract

During the reformation era in Indonesia, a unique form of religious blasphemy frequently occurred, in which minorities targeted the majority. The objective of this research is to describe sentence patterns based on the structure of syntactic functions, categories, and roles, as well as the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between the blasphemed entity and the act of blasphemy itself. The data consist of declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences sourced from social media and mass media. Data collection methods included literature review and observation, employing note-taking techniques. The classified data were analyzed using qualitative, descriptive-analytic, and interpretative methods. The findings reveal that religious blasphemy sentences exhibit fundamental patterns. Based on the construction of syntactic functions, the identified sentence patterns include: S-P-CompEl-Comp, S-Ø-P-Comp, S-Ø-P, S-P-O, S-P-Comp, S-P-OComp-Comp, QuestionWord-S-P-O-Comp, S-P-Comp, and S-P-CompEl-Comp. Based on the construction of the syntactic function filler category, there are sentence patterns: NP-VP-NP-PrepP, NP-Copula-NP-AdvP, NP-Copula-NP, NP-VP-NP, NP-VP-PrepP, NP-VP-NP-AdvP, QuestionWord -NP-VP-NP-AdvP, NP-VP-AdvP, dan NP-VP-NP-AdvP. Based on syntactic roles, the sentence patterns include: beneficiary–activity–patient, beneficiary–copulative– identity–explanation., beneficiary-copulative-identity, agent-active action-patient, patient-passive action-locative, agent-active action-patient-explanation, Interogative-patient-passive actionagent-explanation, agent-activity-explanation, and agent-prohibitive action-patient-explanation. Syntagmatically, these blasphemed elements have semantic relations that contradict the cultural values of the religion being blasphemed, as well as involve the desecration of sacred religious symbols.