The Effect of Cacao Bean Extract on the Number of Osteoblasts on Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Abstract

The teeth that are given orthodontic forces, generally occur relapses. It is caused by resorption on the pressure side higher than the apposition on tension side. Cacao bean extract can increase bone apposition on bone remodeling through osteoblast proliferation. This study aimed to determine the effect of extract cacao beans on the number of osteoblasts on orthodontic tooth movement. This research uses an experimental laboratory posttest-only control group design. The extract comes from unfermented bulk cacao varieties. A strength of 10gf was measured using a tension gauge to move the upper molars in a mesial direction. 36 Wistar rats were decapitated after 7 days and 14 days of treatment. Immunohistochemical staining to show the expression of TGF-β, TNF-α, OPG, and RANKL by counting the number of expressed osteoblasts on tension side. Compared with the positive control group, osteoblasts that are expressed by TGF-β, TNF-α, OPG, and RANKL were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatment group. The application of cacao bean extract of bulk variety on days 7 and 14 could significantly increase osteoblasts that are expressed by TGF-β, TNF-α, OPG, and RANKL in the treatment group than the positive control group on the alveolar bone.