Antibiogram of Patients With Diabetic Foot at Dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital of Jember, Indonesia

Abstract

Diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus that is still using antibiotic to control the infection as the main therapy. This study aimed to determine the type of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in the diabetic foot. The samples were taken from the medical records of the patients with diabetic foot, who performed the swab culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the inpatient and outpatient care in dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital, Jember, Indonesia. The samples used were the patients diagnosed with diabetic foot from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. The data in this study were univariately analyzed. Forty-three pathogens were isolated from 40 patients with 12 Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase isolates. The most common bacteria found were Gram negative (90.7%), including Escherichia coli (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.82%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.82%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.69%) and Proteus mirabilis (7.69%). Then, there were also 9.3% Gram-positive bacteria of all isolates, with Staphylococcus aureus as the most dominant species (50%). The antibiotic antimicrobial susceptibility testing also showed that Imipenem, amikacin, fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and netilmicin were the most sensitive antibiotics. The most common type of bacteria found was Escherichia coli, while the antibiotic that was still sensitive in most bacteria was imipenem.