Modifying High Sucrose Tomatoes by Genome Editing A-Review

Abstract

Sucrose which is the main product of photosynthesis in plants is resulted from carbon assimilation. The way to produce more sucroses as the sink product has been done a lot recently. However, the way such as overexpression of SPS or harvest environmental engineering needed a lot of samples and a certain period of time. Genome Editing promises giant leaps forward in advancing biotechnology, agriculture, and basic research whereby targeted mutations can be introduced into a plant genome in a highly specific manner through great precision. This technology does not incorporate transient modifications that become far superior to conventional plant breeding. The recent technique of genome editing is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) which has greatly advanced the breeding for crop improvement due to its simplicity and high efficiency over other nucleases. CRISPR/Cas9 tool contains a non-specific Cas9 nuclease and a single guide RNA leading Cas9 to the specific genomic location creating double-strand breaks and subsequent repair process creates insertion or deletion mutations. In this paper we aim to focus on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to increase the sucrose level of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersycum L.). We will review the editing strategy including conversion of vacuolar invertase (TIVI) into cell wall invertases (TIVI1), deletion of sucrose-induced repression of translation (SlbZIP2), and generation active sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Tomato cotyledon explant is being targetted with Agrobacterium infection. CRISPR/Cas9 enzyme can give novel characters in plant by increasing, decreasing and removing expression of a gene target. The golden gate cloning make addition of the characters in plants can be done by over 10 characters in a single crop. It should be no rejection of genome editing product due to the gene’s purity sequence from other organism.