Induksi Somatic Embriogenesis dan Kultur Suspensi Sel pada Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

Abstract

Porang is a plant that grows in the tropics under forest stands. Porang is a commercial plant in great demand by the public because it contains high levels of glucomannan. The need for seeds through bulbils and tubers is relatively expensive in porang cultivation so the tissue culture approach through Somatic Embryogenesis (SE) and cell suspension for mass propagation of porang seedlings are possible. SE results were used for cell suspension culture to produce large seedlings. This study aims to produce large amounts of SE as a cell suspension culture material. Propagation of SE used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD), the first factor being the concentration of NAA with a concentration of 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, and 1.5 ppm. The second factor was the concentration of 2,4-D with a concentration of 1 ppm and 2 ppm so there were 6 treatment combinations repeated 4 times. The best SE results were cultured with cell suspension using 0.25 ml of NAA hormone in a shaker for 8 weeks and incubated in the dark. Observation parameters consisted of early callus emergence, callus percentage, structure, callus color, callus proliferation, callus histology, suspension response, and callus proliferation resulting from suspension culture. Data were analyzed using the DMRT at the 5% level, while the cell suspension parameters were analyzed descriptively. The results of the best SE research on the combination treatment of 1 ppm NAA + 2 ppm 2,4-D resulted in the highest callus percentage, namely 90%, and the color of callus with a score of 5Y 8/6 was milky-whitely crumbs. The results of suspension culture using NAA hormone with a concentration of 0.25 ppm showed the highest callus growth by calculating the volume of callus deposits that occurred in the exponential phase (7 weeks of incubation) reaching 3.67 ml.