Analisis Histologi dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) pada Somatik Embriogenesis Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri B)

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis is the process of forming plant embryos from somatic tissues. In general, the stages of somatic embryo development consist of embryo initiation and proliferation, embryo maturation (globular, scutellar, and coleoptilar phases), embryo germination, and acclimatization. Indirect somatic embryo formation currently does not have a more in-depth study of the mechanism of the occurrence of somatic embryos, especially in porang plant, so we present knowledge related to the interaction of 2,4-D hormones and NAA on callus induction through histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on embryogenic callus of porang plant (Amorphophallus muelleri). The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effect of 2,4-D and NAA on the SE induction process and to study the stages of embryonic changes and development of the embryonic structure of porang plant. This research has been carried out for 6 months from May to October 2021. The research site was in the Agronomy Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. This study used a 2-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The first factor was 2,4-D concentrations of 0 ppm, 1 ppm, and 2 ppm, whereas the second factor was NAA concentrations of 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2 ppm, and 2.5 ppm. The results showed that the treatment of 1 ppm 2,4-D + 1.5 ppm NAA resulted in embryogenic callus and the results of histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the stages of the somatic embryo of porang included the pre-embryogenic mass, globular, scutellar, and coleoptile embryonic stages, then the coleoptile development to the bud primordia stage. At concentrations of 1 ppm 2,4-D + 1.5 ppm NAA, pre-embryogenic mass, and globular embryos were formed which had smooth surfaces.