Effect of Diabetes during Pregnancy to Fetal Tooth Germ Growth and Development

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglicemia caused by pancreatic insulin production deficiency or ineffectiveness insulin produced. The objective was to determine the effect of fetal tooth germ growth and development disturbance due to diabetic during pregnancy. Five pregnant rats were induced by diabetes using 40 mg/kg b.w streptozotocin intraperitonealy and five pregnant normal rats as a control group. Pregnant rats with blood glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dl considered as diabetes. Blood glucose level was measured before, after induction, and just after birth. One rat offspring sample taken from each pregnant rats using simple random sampling and euthanized on 1st day postnatal. Rat offspring right maxilla taken to observe tooth germ growth and development. Paraffin-embedded tissue cut 4µm in thickness and stained using Haematoxylin-Eosin, Mallory’s Trichrome and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Immunohistochemistry staining. Rat offspring who born from diabetic pregnant showed lower body weight which is statistically significant difference and histologically seen delayed of enamel matrix formation, tooth development stages, and also reduced in tooth size compared to control group. Therefore, seems different of IGF-1 expression in inner enamel epithelium tooth germ between two groups. Rat offspring who born from diabetic pregnant had tooth germ growth and development disturbance.