3-Dimensional Eksternal Electric Field Effect (Stark Effect) On the Ground State Energy of Tritium Atom

Abstract

Tritium Atom is a Radioisotope that has a half-life of 12.3 years. This atom produces beta decay with a maximum generated energy of 18.598 KeV and an average energy of 5.7 KeV. Tritium radiation is still relatively safe, so it is widely used in the field of electronics especially in the development of betavoltaics batteries. This research will delve into the effect of 3-dimensional external electric field on Tritium energy on the ground state. The method applied in this research is Rayleigh-Schrodinger Perturbation Theory, which also encompasses second order correction. In addition, by reviewing the movement of electrons fast enough to surround the nucleus, then the relativistic effect will also exert effect to the energy of Tritium atoms. The 3- dimensional electric field effect (in the x, y and z axis) will give different energy shifts with the 1-dimensional perturbation effect. This shift of energy will have an impact on the binding energy of nucleus and electron. The results of mathematical calculations have proven that a significant shift in energy only occurs in a strong external electric field, approximately higher than 1 × 1011 𝑉/