Stabilitas Fisikokimia dan Efektivitas Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dengan Penambahan Minyak Atsiri Peppermint (Mentha piperita) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus sanguinis

Abstract

Background: Toothpaste is a dental product that assists in the elimination of plaque from teeth and is used in conjunction with a toothbrush. Dental plaque is a viscous accumulation consisting of many bacteria that strongly attach to the tooth surface. Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) is a bacterium that contributes to the creation of dental plaque. It is crucial for the development of plaque because it has the capability to clump together with other bacteria. Currently, toothpaste formulations incorporate numerous different botanical components. Robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora) and peppermint essential oil (Mentha piperita) are among several herbal compounds that possess antibacterial effects. Robusta coffee beans consist of chlorogenic acid, caffeine, trigonelline, and flavonoids. Peppermint essential oil, in the meantime, comprises components such as menthol and menthone. Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the physicochemical stability of toothpaste and its potential to suppress the growth of S. sanguinis bacteria. Method: The toothpaste was formulated using different concentrations of 0,03125 g/mL, 0,0625 g/mL, 0,125 g/mL, and 0,25 g/mL. The physicochemical stability test parameters included organoleptic tests, homogeneity assessment, spreadability, pH determination, and foam height analysis. Meanwhile, the well diffusion method was employed to examine the antibacterial inhibitory capacity, using BHI-B and MHA media. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the toothpaste, which contained robusta coffee bean extract and peppermint essential oil, had excellent physicochemical stability, and effectively suppressed the growth of S. sanguinis bacteria at all tested concentrations.

Keywords: Robusta coffee beans; Peppermint essential oil; Physicochemical stability; Antibacterial; Streptococcus sanguinis