Pengaruh Kolkisin terhadap Perkecambahan, Induksi Poliploid, dan Struktur Stomata Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas Jeliteng

Abstract

Colchicine is one of the compounds that can increase the set of chromosomes from diploid to polyploid and potentially increased the quality of the plant. This study aims to determine the effect of colchicine treatment to the germination, polyploid induction, and stomatal structure in black rice variety Jeliteng. The research method was carried out by emersed the black rice in colchicine solution with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% and in duration of 24 hours and 48 hours. Observation were conducted by counting the germination rate, polyploid level of leaves with a flow cytometry analysis, and chromosomes and stomata structure measurement under microscope. Data analysis was carried out using RStudio with parametric-tests using ANOVA and non-parametric tests using Kruskal-Wallis and descriptive data displayed in boxes and whisker plots. The result indicated that colchicine in high concentrations reduced the germination rate. Chromosome structure of black rice were too small for detection under microscope, but the level of ploidy with a flow cytometry analysis indicating that all sample were diploid (2n). Colchicine treatment increased the length and width of the stomata, but decreased the density of the stomata. Stomata length and stomata width were highest at treatment of 0.3% for 24 hours with an average of 24.7 µm and 16.5 µm respectively. The lowest density of stomata in average of 159 mm²at were observed in 0.3% concentration colchicine for 24 hours.