Inventarisasi Kutudaun (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada Tanaman Stroberi (Fragaria SP.) di Kota Batu, Indonesia

Abstract

Strawberry productivity in 2014 was 58,884.00 tons. This production decreased until 2021, namely 9,860.00 tons. This decline was triggered by many factors, one of which was the attack of insect pests. The largest pest population that causes the most dominant damage to strawberries is aphids with the genus Aphis. Severe aphids attack can cause death in strawberry plants. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the types of aphids found on strawberry plants so that proper handling at the species level of aphids on strawberry plants can be identified. The research was conducted from October 2022-January 2023 at farmer's plantations in Junrejo and Bumiaji Districts, Batu City. The research was carried out by directly collecting aphids on strawberry plants using a purposive sampling method. The symptomatic plants were traced, and the stems and leaves were observed. The aphids obtained were mounted, made into preparations, and then identified at the Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Jember. Identification of aphids includes the morphological characteristics obtained in the field, namely body color. Morphological features such as body shape, antennae, limbs, eyes, sipunculid shape, and cauda were identified after the installation. The identification of the specimens was then validated under the guidance of Purwatiningsih, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Based on the research, the results obtained were as many as four species of aphids, namely Aphis eugeniae, Epameibaphis frigidae, Hysteroneura setariae, and Melanaphis sorghi. These four species come from different genera and tribes. Each genus has different feeding characteristics and different morphological characteristics. The genus Aphis is polyphagous; meanwhile, Epameibaphis, Hysteroneura, and Melanaphis are oligophagous. Abiotic and biotic factors can influence the number of aphids found. Abiotic factors are temperature, humidity, and rainfall, while biotic factors are in the form of host plants.