ANALYSIS OF HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST PROTEIN EXTRACT FROM SALIVARY GLANDS OF Anopheles sundaicus IN MALARIA ENDEMIC AREA

Abstract

Exposure to arthropod vectors of infectious diseases such as malaria has been associated with specific antibody responses against salivary glands protein among people living in endemic area. To examine the effects of salivary gland extract proteins (SGEP) from Anopheles sundaicus on human immune response (in vitro), we have conducted the quantification of IgG levels using ELISA and PBMC culture. Here we demonstrated that antisalivary antibodies (IgG) levels against salivary gland extract protein (SGEP) from An. sundaicus were higher in healthy people from malaria endemic area (Bangsring, Banyuwangi) than those from a non-malarious area, and occurred predominantly in 11-40 years age groups which have been considered as a result of long and continuous exposure to malaria mosquito. Furthermore, the An. sundaicus SGEP was observed to polarize the host immune response towards a type 2 (Th2) responses, characterized by up-regulating Th2 cytokines (IL-10) and down-regulating Th1 cytokines (IFN )