GREEN TEA EXTRACT EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY IN DIABETIC MICE

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to insulin deficiency, impaired of insulin receptor or both (Unwin et al., 2009). There are generally two types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes (pancreatic beta cell damage caused absolute insulin deficiency) and type 2 (a combination of a lack of insulin production and secretion and sensitivity to insulin receptor) (Dipiro et al, 2008). Diabetes mellitus disease is increasing rapidly in worlwide. The incidences in 2010 were about 285 million people and It has been estimated that by the year 2025, the global incidence of diabetes would increase to 350 million (International diabetes federation, 2006). In diabetes, activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes can increase glucose production and thus contribute to increase blood glucose which could deteriorate diabetes (Sundaram et al., 2013). The state of diabetes characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity is the major cause of NAFLD (Non - Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), because in diabetes state occurs disorders of glucose metabolism and fat so that could result in fibrosis, infiltration, necroinflamation, to acute liver disease (Marchesini et al., 2001). Treatment of diabetes mellitus is chronic and long life, causing undesirable side effects (Unwin et al., 2009). Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent, which belongs to the class known as the biguanides. Metformin is now widely used as one of the mainstays in the management of type 2 diabetes. Metformin reduces fasting plasma glucose concentration by reducing rate of hepatic glucose production via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Metformin improves glycemic control as monotherapy and in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones (Frendell et al. 2003).