FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CAFFEINE NANOEMULSION USING FACTORIAL DESIGN STUDY

Abstract

Caffeine was an alkaloid commonly used as active ingredient in cosmetics due to its high biological activity for skin health as anticelulit, sunscreen, antioxidant, and photoaging inhibitor [6]. Caffeine had potential antioxidant properties that could protect cells against the UV radiation induce carcinogenesis with stimulatory effect on apoptosis in the UVB-treated epidermis cell in mice skin [8]. High hidrophilic properties of caffeine (log P = -0.07) caused difficulties to penetrate through the stratum corneum of human skin [9]. Nanoemulsion was a drug delivery system that had good stability and could potentially increase penetration of the drug through the skin that had particle size approximately 1 – 100 nm. Oil phase, aqueous phases, and surfactant are basic component of nanoemulsion [11]. Surfactant was the important compound in preparation of nanoemulsion. Type, amount of surfactant, and HLB value of surfactant can influence nanoemulsion stability [1]. Isopropyl miristate (IPM) was chemical penetration enhancer (CPE), was added in skin drug formulation to incrase the penetration ability of the drug [3]. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) value of surfactant combination (tween 80 and span 80) and IPM concentration on the stability and penetration ability of nanoemulsion using factorial design method and obtain the optimum formula of caffeine nanoemulsion using Design Expert 9.0 analysis.