Peranan Scaffold Dalam Bone Tissue Engineering Role of Scaffolld Bone issue Engineering

Abstract

Current treatments for osseous defects and anomalies include the use of autografts, allografts, and metallic implants. However, the limited availability and donor-site morbidity of autografts and issues with immune responses from allografts and metallic implants are drawbacks to these methods. Recently, bone tissue engineering strategies using engineered biomaterials that support and promote bone tissue growth have been proposed for osseous treatment. To initiate the natural developmental events, it requires functional cells that constitute the target tissue, a matrix or scaffold supporting those cells, bioactive molecules regulating cellular behavior, and the compatible integration of this composite in the damaged tissue. The aim of the paper is to analyse the role of scaffold on bone tissue engineering. Bone tissue engineering is a new and exciting technique which has the potential to create tissues and organs. It involves the in vitro seeding and attachment of human cells onto a scaffold. These cells then proliferate, migrate and differentiate into the specific tissue while secreting the extracellular matrix components required to create the tissue. These cells then proliferate, migrate and differentiate into the specific tissue while secreting the extracellular matrix components required to create the tissue. The cells are grown on a scaffold that functions to mechanically support the cells and regulate the function of cells in a manner analogous to extracellular matrix of mammalian tissue. The scaffold allows the cells to invade it, proliferate and secrete their own extracellular matrix, in the long term leading to a complete and natural tissue replacement. To accommodate large number of cells the scaffold need to be highly porous with large surface. The porosity, poresize and pore structure of the scaffold is important for nutrient supply of cells. Therefore, the present study suggests that scaffold is one of important component in bone tissue engineering. Scaffold has role as template to growth of cells form bone tissue. scaffold should be well suited to perform all these functions. Growing of bone will fail if scaffold is not compatible.