Pemodelan Intervensi Gizi Spesifik dan Sensitif Berbasis Keperawatan Lintas Budaya dalam Mengatasi Stunting di Kabupaten Jember

Abstract

Stunting remains a global health issue caused by chronic malnutrition, particularly among pregnant women and children. Socio-cultural factors, including beliefs, values, and local practices, influence the acceptance and effectiveness of nutritional interventions. This study aimed to identify a model of specific and sensitive nutritional interventions based on transcultural nursing to address stunting. A quantitative descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was used. The study involved 312 mothers with stunted children, selected through stratified random sampling from three community health centre areas. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire to measure socio-cultural dimensions (technology, religion and philosophy of life, social and family support, cultural values and lifestyles, politics and policy, education, and economy) and nutritional interventions. Maternal and child factors were assessed using a sociodemographic questionnaire, while stunting was measured by z-score. Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was used for data analysis. Results indicated that technology (p=0.029), social and family support (p=0.000), and cultural values and lifestyles (p=0.001) significantly influenced specific nutritional interventions. Religion and philosophy of life (p=0.000), social and family support (p=0.000), politics and policy (p=0.005), education (p=0.000), economy (p=0.002), maternal factors (p=0.006), and child factors (p=0.003) significantly influenced sensitive nutritional interventions. Both interventions significantly impacted stunting reduction. Social and family support influenced both types of interventions. Indirect effects showed that religion and philosophy of life, politics and policy, education, and maternal factors affected stunting through nutritional interventions (p<0.05). This study confirms that nutritional interventions based on transcultural nursing effectively integrate socio-cultural factors, enhancing stunting reduction efforts. Strengthening the synergy between health programs and local cultural approaches is essential for improving intervention effectiveness in multicultural settings.