HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND SIMULATION OF THE JAKARTA 2013 FLOOD, INDONESIA

Abstract

Jakarta, the capital and largest city in Indonesia, suffered severe flood in the middle of January 2013. The flooding was greatly contributed by high runoff in Ciliwung River, the main river flowing through jakarta. In this paper, the meteorological and hydrological characteristic of Jakarta 2013 flood is discussed and the flood development is simulated using hydrological model. Precipitation reanalysis at spatial and temporal resolutions of one degree and one hour from Jaxa Global Rainfall Watch is used for evaluating the rainfall within Ciliwung basin (376 km2). Undestanding teh characteristic of this event is important as a lesson learnt for future flood disaster mitigation. The flood case in the basin is simulated hourly by BTOPMC phisically distributed hydrlogical model, which use blockwise TOPMODEL for runoff generation and Muskingum-Cunge for routing. Terrain map of study area with 30 meters resolution is obtain from ASTER-GDEM. The runoff is simulated in two points, i.e. Katulampa and Manggarai representing upstream and downstream outlets. Validation by comparison with observed discharge is done in both points. The results reveals that the model give better performance for simulation at Katulampa outlet than Manggarai outlet. The NSE and RMSE at Katulampa are 56.81 % and 87.58 m3/s. Conducting post-flood simulation of the particular event is essential for further application in flood forecasting and disater risk management. Some firther improvements of the simulation scheme including verification with rain-gauge, utilization of radar-rainfall, field survey, and future direction for flood forecasting and warning system development are also discussed.