Analisis Numerik Penyempitan Pembuluh Darah pada Carotid Bifurcation Penyebab Stroke Iskemik dengan Metode Volume Hingga

Abstract

Stroke is a sudden disruption of brain function caused by damage to the central nervous system due to vascular problems. Stroke is divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic types, with the majority of cases being ischemic strokes resulting from reduced blood flow to the brain, often caused by blockages or atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation. This study aims to analyze vascular stenosis at the carotid bifurcation with elliptical, bell-shaped, and cosine-shaped geometries in relation to blood flow velocity and pressure. The study uses simulation methods to enable various scenarios and model the relationship between vascular stenosis and changes in blood flow velocity and pressure. In this research, a mathematical model was developed and solved using the finite volume method derived from the momentum and mass equations. The developed model was resolved using the SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) discretization method. The simulation process utilized Python to visualize velocity and pressure graphs and Ansys Fluent to simulate blood flow. The simulation results for velocity graphs show that the highest velocity occurs in the bell-shaped stenosis model with a 90% stenosis rate, reaching 2.1 m/s, which may lead to blood vessel rupture. The simulation results for stenosis at different locations indicate that the farther the stenosis location, the lesser its effect on velocity increase. The simulation results for pressure graphs show that the lowest pressure occurs in the bell-shaped stenosis model with a 90% stenosis rate, measured at 9800 Pa, which can lead to a lack of oxygen supply. Moreover, the simulation results for stenosis at different locations reveal that the farther the stenosis location, the lesser its effect on pressure reduction.