Pengaruh Ekstrak Biji Kopi Hijau Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Peningkatan Jumlah Osteoblas pada Daerah Tarikan Gigi Tikus Model Periodontitis yang Diberi Gaya Mekanis Ortodonti

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic treatment induce gingival inflammation due to changes in the oral environment, which cause periodontitis. Inflammatory mediators can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased ROS cause oxidative stress, which can inhibit osteoblast differentiation and bone apposition. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of robusta (Coffea canephora) green bean coffee extract contributes to osteoblast differentiation and bone apposition. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of robusta green bean coffee extract in increasing the number of osteoblasts in periodontitis Wistar rats due to the induction of orthodontic mechanical forces (OMF). Method: This research used an experimental laboratory post-test only control group design. OMF for rats was applied by a ligature wire on the molar-1 (M1) and both incisivus of left maxilla. Subsequently, M-1 of left maxilla was moved to mesial using NiTi closed coil spring. Thirty male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into normal group (KN1 and KN2); control group (K1 and K2); and treatment group (P1 and P2). The rats were decapitated in the 22nd and 29th days after OTM and then the tissue processing and hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out. Osteoblasts were counted on the tension area in the alveolar bone of the upper-left M1. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean number of osteoblasts on 21 days in the KN1 group (26.6 ± 7.19) compared to the K1 group (16.46 ± 2.6) and the P1 group (28.98± 5.07). The mean number of osteoblasts on 28 days also had a significant difference in the KN2 group (21.35 ± 3.1) compared to the K2 group (12.94 ± 2.7) and the P2 group (24.9 ± 4.01). Conclusion: Robusta green bean coffee extract can increase the number of osteoblasts in the tension area of orthodontic tooth movement-induced periodontitis of Wistar rats.